EPANET intermittent water-network resilience
A 24-case EPANET study of continuous and intermittent water supply, central and distributed storage, rising demand, pipe restriction, pressure, service equity, and water age.

Project definition
Problem statement
Intermittent water supply can leave high or distant nodes with inadequate pressure and reduced demand delivery during long source closures.
Storage can improve service but can also increase water age, so pressure, delivery, equity, and age must be assessed together.
Project objectives
- Compare continuous, intermittent, central-storage, and distributed-storage operation over forty-eight hours.
- Use pressure-dependent demand to measure realistic delivery during deficient pressure.
- Test base, 1.25 times, and 1.5 times demand with healthy and restricted pipe conditions.
- Measure demand satisfaction, critical-node service, pressure exposure, equity, recovery, and water age.
- Retain reproducible evidence and explain the limits of applying a synthetic network to field decisions.
Project structure
Project components
Network model
Defines nine demand junctions, thirteen base pipes, a reservoir, daily demand, elevations, controls, and optional storage.
Hydraulic study
Runs EPANET 2.2 pressure-dependent hydraulics and water age at thirty-minute resolution for forty-eight hours.
Service analysis
Calculates demand delivery, critical and worst-node service, pressure adequacy, low-pressure exposure, equity, age, and recovery.
Experiment
Runs four layouts, three demand factors, and two pipe conditions for twenty-four controlled cases.
Evidence
Writes case and time-series CSV files, structured JSON, and eight labelled figures.
Methodology
Project workflow
- 01Select case
Choose the supply layout, demand factor, and healthy or restricted P7 condition.
- 02Build network
The model applies pressure thresholds, daily demand, source controls, and the selected storage layout.
- 03Run EPANET
Hydraulic and water-age results are calculated for two daily cycles.
- 04Calculate indicators
Delivered demand, node service, pressure exposure, equity, water age, and recovery are calculated.
- 05Compare evidence
The retained tables and figures show service benefit, weak nodes, and water-age tradeoffs.
Demonstration scenario
Under base demand, unstored intermittent supply delivers 41.27 percent of requested demand and creates 292.5 low-pressure node-hours. Central storage raises delivery to 96.39 percent and removes pressure below 3 m, while its 95th percentile water age rises to 27.66 hours. The student explains why hydraulic improvement and water age must be considered together.
Engineering
Tools and method
- Tools
- The project uses EPANET 2.2, WNTR 1.5, Python, NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, Jupyter for subject analysis, simulation, and results.
- Hydraulic engine
- EPANET 2.2 supplies extended-period pressure-dependent hydraulic and water-age simulation.
- Network interface
- WNTR 1.5 constructs the network, controls, storage layouts, and simulator inputs.
- Analysis
- Python, NumPy, and Pandas calculate expected demand and the retained performance measures.
- Figures
- Matplotlib produces the network schematic, timelines, comparisons, and service-age tradeoff.
- Verification
- Automated tests cover inputs, network objects, simulations, trends, evidence files, plots, and commands.
Testing
Evaluation
Evaluation measures
- Demand satisfaction across all twenty-four cases
- Critical and worst-node service
- Pressure adequacy and node-hours below 3 m
- Weighted low-pressure exposure index
- Service equity across nine demand nodes
- Second-day 95th percentile and maximum water age
- Mean recovery time after supply onset
Project boundaries
- The network, demands, tank sizes, elevations, and schedule are declared teaching assumptions.
- The low-pressure exposure index is not a contaminant concentration, pathogen dose, or water-safety result.
- The model does not represent pipe filling fronts, trapped air, rapid transients, leakage, household storage, or disinfectant decay.
- Field use requires surveyed assets, measurements, calibration, validation, water-quality sampling, and qualified engineering review.
Included
- 01Complete EPANET and WNTR model
- 02Twenty-four controlled simulation cases
- 03CSV, JSON, and eight result figures
- 04Sixty-three automated tests with 99 percent statement coverage
- 05Complete project files, models, calculations, and analysis material in a private GitHub repository
- 06113-page project documentation in PDF and editable Word formats
- 0717-page setup and usage guide in PDF and editable Word formats
- 08Forty-six annotated references
Project record
No information is collected on this page.
- Permanent project ID
- GP-CV-0QCDMF7
- Catalogued
- 21 Aug 2026
- Completed
- 24 Aug 2026
- Verified
- 24 Aug 2026
- Demonstration
- Included in repository
Handover
After purchase
- 01Payment is confirmed
The project is marked unavailable and cannot be purchased again.
- 02Repository access is granted
The buyer's submitted GitHub account receives access to the private repository.
- 03The purchase record is delivered
The certification sheet is prepared from the reviewed buyer details and sent privately by email.