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GP-EE-0UEHS9IElectricalReady

Grid-forming inverter microgrid control study

A reduced-order electrical control study comparing droop, virtual synchronous machine, and secondary restoration in a two-inverter islanded microgrid.

Grid-forming inverter microgrid control study project visual
GP-EE-0UEHS9I · Electrical
  • Python
  • NumPy
  • SciPy
  • Matplotlib
  • Jupyter

Project definition

Problem statement

An islanded microgrid must maintain frequency and voltage after active-power, reactive-power, dispatch, and network changes without relying on an upstream waveform reference.

The engineering problem is to compare primary droop, virtual inertia and damping, secondary restoration, proportional power sharing, and inverter current exposure under the same declared model and disturbances.

Project objectives

  • Build a balanced per-unit model of two grid-forming inverters supplying a common islanded load.
  • Compare frequency droop, virtual synchronous machine, and secondary-restored virtual synchronous machine control.
  • Test load increase, load rejection, dispatch loss, and weaker network coupling.
  • Measure frequency nadir, zenith, RoCoF, final error, integral absolute error, voltage, current, and power-sharing error.
  • Identify the model assumptions and the validation required before hardware or grid studies.

Project structure

Project components

01

Microgrid model

Represents active and reactive power transfer, the common bus, internal source states, and exact algebraic power balance.

02

Controller models

Implements active-power frequency droop, a virtual swing equation, reactive droop, and optional secondary restoration.

03

Scenario set

Defines four repeatable disturbances with documented loads, references, transitions, and network coupling.

04

Metrics

Calculates frequency, voltage, current, settling, cumulative error, and final power-sharing results.

05

Experiment runner

Executes all 12 cases and produces machine-readable evidence and labelled figures.

Methodology

Project workflow

  1. 01
    Select a scenario

    Choose the prepared load step, load rejection, dispatch loss, or weak-coupling case.

  2. 02
    Select a controller

    Run droop, VSM, or VSM with secondary restoration under the same network conditions.

  3. 03
    Solve the states

    The numerical solver calculates angle, frequency, voltage, filtered power, and secondary states.

  4. 04
    Measure the response

    Frequency, voltage, peak current, and power-sharing metrics are calculated from the complete trajectory.

  5. 05
    Compare the evidence

    CSV, JSON, and figures show controller differences and the scenarios that exceed the current study limit.

Demonstration scenario

A two-inverter islanded microgrid receives a fast load increase from 1.0 pu to 1.3 pu. Droop, VSM, and secondary VSM responses are compared. Secondary control reduces final frequency and voltage error, while all three cases expose current above the selected 1.2 pu study limit.

Engineering

Tools and method

Tools
The project uses Python, NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, Jupyter for subject analysis, simulation, and results.
Numerical model
Python and NumPy for the balanced per-unit two-inverter network and controller equations.
ODE solution
SciPy DOP853 integration with declared tolerances, maximum step, and 500 Hz reporting.
Analysis
Deterministic metric functions for frequency, voltage, current, settling, cumulative error, and sharing.
Figures
Matplotlib for architecture, time response, sharing, current, RoCoF, and cross-scenario comparisons.
Verification
Power-balance invariants, initial equilibrium, input validation, metric behavior, command tests, source checks, and dependency audit.

Testing

Evaluation

Evaluation measures

  • Frequency nadir, zenith, maximum absolute RoCoF, final error, IAE, and settling time
  • Minimum, maximum, and final bus voltage with final voltage error
  • Peak apparent-current estimate normalized to each inverter rating
  • Final active-power sharing normalized by inverter rating
  • Pass or fail against the selected 49 to 51 Hz, 0.9 to 1.1 pu, and 1.2 pu current study limits
  • Sensitivity to load direction, active reference loss, and weaker network coupling

Project boundaries

  • The project is a balanced reduced-order electrical control study and not a switching or electromagnetic transient model.
  • It does not include a current limiter, protection coordination, DC-link dynamics, PWM, transformer, fault, thermal, or hardware model.
  • The prepared limits are transparent study criteria and not grid-code certification thresholds.
  • The package runs offline and must not be connected to live electrical equipment or used as inverter settings.

Included

  1. 01Two-inverter islanded microgrid model
  2. 02Droop, virtual synchronous machine, and secondary restoration controllers
  3. 03Load-step, load-rejection, dispatch-loss, and weak-coupling scenarios
  4. 04CSV and JSON results with eight labelled figures
  5. 0569 automated tests with 99 percent statement coverage
  6. 06Complete project files, models, calculations, and analysis material in a private GitHub repository
  7. 07Complete project documentation in PDF and editable Word formats
  8. 08Setup and usage guide in PDF and editable Word formats

Project record

No information is collected on this page.

Permanent project ID
GP-EE-0UEHS9I
Catalogued
21 Aug 2026
Completed
24 Aug 2026
Verified
24 Aug 2026
Demonstration
Included in repository

Handover

After purchase

  1. 01
    Payment is confirmed

    The project is marked unavailable and cannot be purchased again.

  2. 02
    Repository access is granted

    The buyer's submitted GitHub account receives access to the private repository.

  3. 03
    The purchase record is delivered

    The certification sheet is prepared from the reviewed buyer details and sent privately by email.